Importance The protocol of a randomized trial is the foundation for study planning, conduct, reporting, and external review. However, trial protocols vary in their completeness and often do not address key elements of design and conduct. The SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items:…
Importance Non–cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition caused by permanent bronchial dilatation and inflammation and is characterized by daily cough, sputum, and recurrent exacerbations. Approximately 500 000 people in the US have non-CF bronchiectasis. Observations Non-CF bronchiectasis may be associated…
This JAMA Insights explores factor V Leiden, an inherited thrombophilia, and its association with venous and arterial thrombosis, how it affects pregnancy outcomes, and testing.
Importance Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory disease defined by endometrial-like tissue (lesions) outside the uterine lining. It affects up to 10% of women worldwide, and 9 million women in the US, during reproductive years. Observations Endometriosis has varying clinical presentations; however,…
This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2024 guidelines on use of intravenous albumin from the International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine.
Importance Whether administration of blood pressure medications at bedtime instead of in the morning reduces cardiovascular risk is unknown, as findings from large clinical trials have not been consistent. There is also concern that bedtime antihypertensive use could induce glaucoma-related visual…
Importance Growing evidence suggests that microbes located within the gastrointestinal tract and other anatomical locations influence the development and progression of diseases such as cancer. Observations Clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that microbes in the gastrointestinal tract and other anatomical locations, such…
Importance Untreated syphilis infection during pregnancy can be passed to the fetus, causing congenital syphilis. Congenital syphilis is associated with premature birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, neonatal death, and significant abnormalities in the infant such as deformed bones, anemia, enlarged liver…
A 37-year-old woman with no history of lung disease experienced sudden-onset tearing pain in her jaw several minutes into a routine air-powder dental polishing; chest radiography and computed tomography showed air located in the fascial planes of her neck and…
Importance Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy that presents with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) and thrombocytopenia. Worldwide annual incidence of iTTP is 2 cases per million to 6 cases per million. Observations Immune TTP is caused by an…
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