Intranasal Naloxone for Opioid Overdose
This JAMA Insights describes indications for naloxone use in preventing opioid overdoses and benefits vs barriers to its availability following FDA approval of its availability without a prescription.
JAMA
Progressive Dyspnea on Exertion in an 82-Year-Old
An older patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and right lower lobe segmental pulmonary embolism presented with dyspnea that had worsened over 5 years; physical examination and laboratory testing showed jugular venous distension, a cardiac systolic murmur, right ventricular heave, bilateral…
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Late Preterm Antenatal Corticosteroids – The ALPS Follow-Up Study
Importance The Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS) trial changed clinical practice in the United States by finding that antenatal betamethasone at 34 to 36 weeks decreased short-term neonatal respiratory morbidity. However, the trial also found increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia after…
Interstitial Lung Disease – A Review
Importance Interstitial lung disease (ILD) consists of a group of pulmonary disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung parenchyma associated with progressive dyspnea that frequently results in end-stage respiratory failure. In the US, ILD affects approximately 650 000 people and…
NonHigh-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels From Childhood to Adulthood and Cardiovascular Disease Events
Importance Elevated non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C; a recommended measure of lipid-related cardiovascular risk) is common in children and increases risk of adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether resolution of elevated childhood non–HDL-C levels by adulthood is associated with reduced risk of clinical…
Serum Urate and Recurrent Gout
Importance Approximately 12 million adults in the US have a history of gout, but whether serum urate levels can help predict recurrence is unclear. Objective To assess associations of a single serum urate measurement with subsequent risk of acute gout flares and…
Thyroid Cancer – A Review
Importance Approximately 43 720 new cases of thyroid carcinoma are expected to be diagnosed in 2023 in the US. Five-year relative survival is approximately 98.5%. This review summarizes current evidence regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of early-stage and advanced thyroid cancer. Observations Papillary…
Strategies to Improve Medical Communication
This JAMA Insights summarizes strategies for effective medical communication, with considerations for the message delivered, the messenger source, and the social context.
A 52-Year-Old With Painful Fingertips
A patient had cold, cyanotic fingertips with small ulcerations. Laboratory testing showed leukocytosis, eosinophilia, and elevated D-dimer level; results of tests for antinuclear antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies against proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase, and HIV were negative. What is…
Fourth-Generation HIV Testing
A 72-year-old man presented to the emergency department with fevers, night sweats, and rash 3 days after condomless vaginal intercourse. Results of a fourth-generation HIV test were positive and HIV-1-/2 antibody differentiation testing was negative. How would you interpret these…
