Importance The Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS) trial changed clinical practice in the United States by finding that antenatal betamethasone at 34 to 36 weeks decreased short-term neonatal respiratory morbidity. However, the trial also found increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia after…
Importance Interstitial lung disease (ILD) consists of a group of pulmonary disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung parenchyma associated with progressive dyspnea that frequently results in end-stage respiratory failure. In the US, ILD affects approximately 650 000 people and…
Importance Elevated non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C; a recommended measure of lipid-related cardiovascular risk) is common in children and increases risk of adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether resolution of elevated childhood non–HDL-C levels by adulthood is associated with reduced risk of clinical…
Importance Approximately 12 million adults in the US have a history of gout, but whether serum urate levels can help predict recurrence is unclear. Objective To assess associations of a single serum urate measurement with subsequent risk of acute gout flares and…
Importance Approximately 43 720 new cases of thyroid carcinoma are expected to be diagnosed in 2023 in the US. Five-year relative survival is approximately 98.5%. This review summarizes current evidence regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of early-stage and advanced thyroid cancer. Observations Papillary…
This JAMA Insights summarizes strategies for effective medical communication, with considerations for the message delivered, the messenger source, and the social context.
A patient had cold, cyanotic fingertips with small ulcerations. Laboratory testing showed leukocytosis, eosinophilia, and elevated D-dimer level; results of tests for antinuclear antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies against proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase, and HIV were negative. What is…
A 72-year-old man presented to the emergency department with fevers, night sweats, and rash 3 days after condomless vaginal intercourse. Results of a fourth-generation HIV test were positive and HIV-1-/2 antibody differentiation testing was negative. How would you interpret these…
Importance The Society of Critical Care Medicine Pediatric Sepsis Definition Task Force sought to develop and validate new clinical criteria for pediatric sepsis and septic shock using measures of organ dysfunction through a data-driven approach. Objective To derive and validate novel criteria…
Importance Weight loss is common in primary care. Among individuals with recent weight loss, the rates of cancer during the subsequent 12 months are unclear compared with those without recent weight loss. Objective To determine the rates of subsequent cancer diagnoses over…
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