Minimizing the Effects of Surgical Care on Climate Change
This JAMA Insights discusses recommendations for reducing the effects of surgical care on carbon emissions, including pre-, intra-, and postoperative changes to routine practices.
JAMA
Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Hip Fractures
This JAMA Insights explores the use of different types of peripheral nerve blocks as an opioid-sparing pain strategy in the treatment of adults with hip fractures.
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease – A Review
Importance Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressive development of kidney cysts and is the most common inherited kidney disorder worldwide. ADPKD accounts for 5% to 10% of kidney failure in the US and Europe, and its prevalence…
Iron Deficiency in Adults – A Review
Importance Absolute iron deficiency, defined as low iron stores with or without anemia, affects approximately 2 billion people worldwide and 14% of adults in the US. Iron-deficiency anemia, defined as low hemoglobin due to low iron stores, affects approximately 1.2 billion…
Small Cell Lung Cancer – A Review
Importance Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with an incidence of 4.7 cases per 100 000 individuals in 2021 in the US and a 5-year overall survival of 12% to 30%. Observations Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor…
Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure – A Review
Importance More than 3.5 million people worldwide and 540 000 individuals in the US receive maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of chronic kidney failure. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 40% after initiation of maintenance dialysis. Observations Hemodialysis and peritoneal…
Over-the-Counter Oral Contraceptives
This JAMA Insights in the Women’s Health series discusses the first over-the-counter progestin-only oral contraceptive available in the US, including its effectiveness, mechanism of action, and accessibility.
Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Patients With Acute Brain Injury – The TRAIN Randomized Clinical Trial
Importance Blood transfusions are commonly administered to patients with acute brain injury. The optimal hemoglobin transfusion threshold is uncertain in this patient population. Objective To assess the impact on neurological outcome of 2 different hemoglobin thresholds to guide red blood cell transfusions…
Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV
This JAMA Insights discusses the expanding PrEP options for preventing HIV, including the considerations for initiation and follow-up and implementation challenges of these medications.
Mpox Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Strategies – A Review
Importance A global outbreak of clade IIb Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections spread rapidly across at least 118 countries resulting in a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) from July 2022 to May 2023. This outbreak affected more than 99 000 persons worldwide and…
