Importance Growing evidence suggests that microbes located within the gastrointestinal tract and other anatomical locations influence the development and progression of diseases such as cancer. Observations Clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that microbes in the gastrointestinal tract and other anatomical locations, such…
Importance Untreated syphilis infection during pregnancy can be passed to the fetus, causing congenital syphilis. Congenital syphilis is associated with premature birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, neonatal death, and significant abnormalities in the infant such as deformed bones, anemia, enlarged liver…
A 37-year-old woman with no history of lung disease experienced sudden-onset tearing pain in her jaw several minutes into a routine air-powder dental polishing; chest radiography and computed tomography showed air located in the fascial planes of her neck and…
Importance Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy that presents with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) and thrombocytopenia. Worldwide annual incidence of iTTP is 2 cases per million to 6 cases per million. Observations Immune TTP is caused by an…
This JAMA Insights discusses the FDA approval of remestemcel-L-rknd to treat graft-vs-host disease in children and provides regulatory considerations for this approval.
Importance In prior monotherapy studies of patients with hypertension, single subcutaneous doses of zilebesiran, an investigational RNA interference therapeutic, reduced serum angiotensinogen levels and systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 3 and 6 months. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of zilebesiran…
Importance Uveitis is characterized by inflammation of the uvea—the middle portion of the eye composed of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid—causing eye redness, pain, photophobia, floaters, and blurred vision. Untreated uveitis may cause cataracts, glaucoma, macular edema, retinal detachment, optic…
A woman with no significant medical history had 3 days of headache, fatigue, and expressive aphasia; laboratory testing showed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, increasing schistocytes on serial blood smears, diminished ADAMTS13 activity, and a high inhibitor titer. What is the diagnosis…
Importance Platelet transfusion is a frequent procedure with benefits and risks. Objective To provide recommendations in adult and pediatric populations in whom platelet transfusions are commonly performed. Evidence Review Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was applied to findings from…
This JAMA Insights explores the spread of harmful algal blooms due to climate change and how exposure to toxic algae can negatively affect human health.
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