Medical Knowledge

External Fetal Monitoring Case Study #7: Levels of Care and Transport

Inappropriate, unsafe, or lack of transport when clinically indicated increases medical-legal risk to obstetricians and hospitals. Early identification of a perinatal patient (mother or fetus) requiring transport to a higher level of care improves outcomes. In 2015, ACOG & SMFM…

HIV Testing Guidelines (Part 2 of 2)

Since the CDC recommended expanded HIV testing, screening of patients for HIV will increase. In addition, with the approval by the FDA of rapid HIV tests and in-home HIV tests, screening will take place both in primary care and at-home…

HIV Testing Guidelines (Part 1 of 2)

Since the CDC recommended expanded HIV testing, screening of patients for HIV will increase. In addition, with the approval by the FDA of rapid HIV tests and in-home HIV tests, screening will take place both in primary care and at-home…

Hepatitis C Screening, Testing, and Referral: What the PCP Needs to Know

It is estimated that only half of those infected with Hepatitis C Virus in the US are diagnosed and perhaps a third receive treatment. The arrival of new direct-acting antiviral medications with high cure rates has spurred the creation of…

Electronic Fetal Monitoring Case Studies #4: Neonatal Encephalopathy

New guidelines outlined in the ACOG & AAP Task Force Report on Neonatal Encephalopathy (NNE) include scientific updates on specific fetal heart rate patterns, sentinel events, and newborn assessment indicators that may indicate an acute intrapartum hypoxic-ischemic injury that leads…

Electronic Fetal Monitoring Case Studies #3: Standard Terms & Guidelines

Over 90% of obstetric-related malpractice involves EFM negligence. EFM-related malpractice claims decrease in facilities that adopt, implement, and consistently use standardized EFM terms and guidelines. Universal adoption of standardized nomenclature by every practitioner skilled in EFM is a national goal….

Electronic Fetal Monitoring Case Studies #2: EFM Triage

The majority of obstetric triage encounters include an assessment of both mother and fetus but under certain conditions, clinical data may be unavailable. EFM triage is a skill of necessity that includes a brief and rapid assessment of fetal heart…

Psychotropic Medication Management in Primary Care

Four out of five prescriptions for psychotropic medications in the US are prescribed by primary care providers. Psychotropic medications have a relatively high rate of adverse side effects, and are an increasing source of claims for medical malpractice. Clinical practice…

Electronic Fetal Monitoring Case Studies #1: OP Malpresentation

Occiput posterior (OP) malpresentation occurs 15-25% at term and 5-12% at birth, increases risk of surgical birth, and frequency coincides with category II or III FHR patterns. In an effort to reduce cesarean births, non-invasive and invasive rotational measures may…

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