Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) for supporting clinicians in detecting and grading diseases in dermatology, dentistry, and ophthalmology. Importance AI has been referred to as a facilitator for more precise, personalized, and safer health care, and AI algorithms…
Importance Diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) rates have historically been low among underserved populations due to barriers in accessing traditional eye care. Although artificial intelligence (AI)–powered DRS provides a potential strategy to improve screening rates, its optimal integration into primary care workflows…
Importance The Planetary Health Diet (PHD) integrates health and environmental sustainability, yet its association with chronic disease outcomes remains underexplored, particularly among women with a history of gestational diabetes (GD), who are at elevated risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and…
Importance Although insulin is widely used for early lipid lowering in hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis, the clinical benefit of heparin combined with insulin remains unclear. Objective To examine whether low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) combined with insulin is superior to insulin alone in improving clinical…
Importance The Planetary Health Diet (PHD), introduced by the EAT-Lancet Commission in 2019, emphasizes a plant-based diet. Several cohorts have assessed adherence using the PHD Index (PHDI), but evidence is limited on whether maternal periconceptional and early pregnancy adherence is associated with…
Importance Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into health care applications; however, their vulnerability to prompt-injection attacks (ie, maliciously crafted inputs that manipulate an LLM’s behavior) capable of altering medical recommendations has not been systematically evaluated. Objective To evaluate the susceptibility…
Importance Postoperative radiotherapy (mainly fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy) is indicated after surgery for early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in the presence of high-risk margins. Postoperative brachytherapy is a treatment option, but it is not…
Importance Patients with high-risk opioid use may require higher buprenorphine doses to maximize abstinence and retention in treatment. Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of 100-mg vs 300-mg once-monthly maintenance doses of extended-release buprenorphine among individuals with high-risk opioid use, including…
Importance Substance use disorders (SUDs) affect millions of of people worldwide and are marked by high relapse rates. Cue-elicited brain activity may correlate with treatment success, but no meta-analysis has identified which brain regions are consistently associated with outcomes. Objective To evaluate,…
Importance Yoga, an integrative health practice combining movement and mindfulness, has been recommended to improve sleep in adults with chronic conditions, but it is unclear whether it offers unique benefits for sleep compared with nonspecific exercise. Objective To compare the effects of…
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