Importance Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum, a gram-negative, spirochete bacterium. Worldwide, an estimated 8 million adults aged 18 to 49 years acquired syphilis in 2022. From 2019 to 2023, US syphilis cases increased by 61% overall, with diagnoses…
Importance Sarcomas comprise a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms that include genomically simple (driven by recurrent genetic alterations) and genomically complex (characterized by extensive genomic rearrangements) subtypes. Regardless, sarcomas exhibit a remarkably low mutational burden. In this context, there is a…
Importance Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine clinical trials demonstrate high vaccine efficacy, but postlicensure population-level effectiveness data are needed to inform vaccination and cancer-prevention recommendations and policies. Little is known about effectiveness in adolescent girls and young adult women at high risk…
Importance Limited pharmaceutical options exist for preexposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 beyond vaccination. Azelastine, an antihistamine nasal spray used for decades to treat allergic rhinitis, has in vitro antiviral activity against respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of…
Importance Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major cause of hospitalization, often occurring in patients with cardiometabolic comorbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although early trials of semaglutide and tirzepatide have shown promising results in improving…
This JAMA Insights discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections.
This case report describes a patient who presented with a 2-day history of dizziness, unsteady gait, and confusion. In the past month, he had experienced 2 cerebral infarctions and fungal infection in his left armpit.
This Clinical Insights describes updated pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and their recommended use in adults.
This Teachable Moment describes a 56-year-old woman with a concern for a food allergy and bilateral leg muscle spasms.
Importance Screening chest computed tomography (CT) scans reduce lung cancer mortality in high-risk individuals, but less than 20% of eligible individuals are screened in the US. Objective To determine whether a direct-to-patient digital health program increases lung cancer screening. Design, Setting, and…
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