Importance Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide and a leading cause of emergency hospital admissions and operations. Despite its frequency, substantial variability persists in diagnosis and management across patient populations and health care settings. Objective To provide updated,…
Importance Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), the gold standard of medical evidence, remain relatively rare in surgery. In part, this is the result of challenges that are unique to surgical trials, including surgeon concerns about lack of equipoise, slow recruitment, difficulty standardizing…
Importance Use of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) has increased over the past 20 years without consensus regarding indications and management. Objective To identify indicators for PC, clarify the management of a PC tube (PCT), and suggest the timing of further interventions. Evidence Review A…
Importance About 100 million urinary catheters are used globally each year. Urinary catheters are effective to establish bladder drainage, but they are associated with risks, including infection and encrustation. To mitigate the associated risks, an understanding of urinary catheter indications, placement…
This Surgical Innovation describes the use of video review of intraoperative trauma care and the potential to improve the quality of trauma care and create opportunities for coaching.
Importance Approximately 2 million individuals are incarcerated in the US. Surgical needs increase with age, and an aging prison population means an increasing need for surgical care for incarcerated individuals. Challenges in logistics, privacy, communication, and comorbidities put people in law…
Importance Tracheobronchial replacement remains a surgical and biological challenge despite several decades of experimental and clinical research. Objective To compile a comprehensive state-of-the-science review examining the current indications, techniques, and outcomes of tracheobronchial replacement in human patients. Evidence Review A systematic review of…
Importance Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is associated with a higher positive margin rate compared with most other cancers in surgical oncology. This rate has remained stagnant over the past 3 decades. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is a promising tool…
Importance Many survivors of traumatic injuries are affected by mental disorders, which has recently led to the publication of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). However, there is no comprehensive synthesis of guideline recommendations to inform clinicians on those that should be prioritized…
Importance Pectus arcuatum is a rare anterior chest wall deformity that is often confused with excavatum, carinatum, or a mixed deformity. A complete understanding of its clinical and physiological basis will improve diagnostic accuracy and allow for standardized management. Objectives To gain…
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