Gestational Diabetes and Long-Term Cardiometabolic Health
This JAMA Insights discusses adverse long-term effects of gestational diabetes on the pregnant individual and the exposed fetus.
JAMA
Evaluation and Treatment of Knee Pain – A Review
Importance Approximately 5% of all primary care visits in adults are related to knee pain. Osteoarthritis (OA), patellofemoral pain, and meniscal tears are among the most common causes of knee pain. Observations Knee OA, affecting an estimated 654 million people worldwide, is…
Red Blood Cell Transfusion- 2023 AABB International Guidelines
Importance Red blood cell transfusion is a common medical intervention with benefits and harms. Objective To provide recommendations for use of red blood cell transfusion in adults and children. Evidence Review Standards for trustworthy guidelines were followed, including using Grading of Recommendations Assessment,…
Orthostatic Hypotension, Hypertension Treatment, and Cardiovascular Disease – An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis
Importance There are ongoing concerns about the benefits of intensive vs standard blood pressure (BP) treatment among adults with orthostatic hypotension or standing hypotension. Objective To determine the effect of a lower BP treatment goal or active therapy vs a standard BP…
Hyperthyroidism – A Review
Importance Overt hyperthyroidism, defined as suppressed thyrotropin (previously thyroid-stimulating hormone) and high concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) and/or free thyroxine (FT4), affects approximately 0.2% to 1.4% of people worldwide. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, defined as low concentrations of thyrotropin and normal concentrations of T3 and FT4, affects…
Diagnosis and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder – A Review
Importance Bipolar disorder affects approximately 8 million adults in the US and approximately 40 million individuals worldwide. Observations Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania or hypomania. Bipolar depressive episodes are similar to major depressive episodes. Manic and…
Cytisinicline for Smoking Cessation – A Randomized Clinical Trial
Importance Cytisinicline (cytisine) is a plant-based alkaloid that, like varenicline, binds selectively to α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which mediate nicotine dependence. Although not licensed in the US, cytisinicline is used in some European countries to aid smoking cessation, but its traditional…
Accelerometer-Derived “Weekend Warrior” Physical Activity and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Importance Guidelines recommend 150 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week for overall health benefit, but the relative effects of concentrated vs more evenly distributed activity are unclear. Objective To examine associations between an accelerometer-derived “weekend warrior”…
Futility in Clinical Trials
This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods discusses the early stopping of clinical trials for futility due to lack of evidence supporting the desired benefit, evidence of harm, or practical issues that make successful completion unlikely.
Patient With Pulmonary Symptoms, Dysphagia, and Raynaud Disease
A nonsmoking patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease and Raynaud disease had 4 weeks of dysphagia and a 4.54-kg weight loss over 3 months, cough productive of yellow sputum, and dyspnea on exertion. White blood cell count and creatine kinase and…
