Importance More than 3.5 million people worldwide and 540 000 individuals in the US receive maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of chronic kidney failure. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 40% after initiation of maintenance dialysis. Observations Hemodialysis and peritoneal…
This JAMA Insights in the Women’s Health series discusses the first over-the-counter progestin-only oral contraceptive available in the US, including its effectiveness, mechanism of action, and accessibility.
Importance Blood transfusions are commonly administered to patients with acute brain injury. The optimal hemoglobin transfusion threshold is uncertain in this patient population. Objective To assess the impact on neurological outcome of 2 different hemoglobin thresholds to guide red blood cell transfusions…
This JAMA Insights discusses the expanding PrEP options for preventing HIV, including the considerations for initiation and follow-up and implementation challenges of these medications.
Importance A global outbreak of clade IIb Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections spread rapidly across at least 118 countries resulting in a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) from July 2022 to May 2023. This outbreak affected more than 99 000 persons worldwide and…
Importance Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) must be matched by efforts to better understand and evaluate how AI performs across health care and biomedicine as well as develop appropriate regulatory frameworks. This Special Communication reviews the history of the US Food…
This JAMA Insights examines antibiotic selection for the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in US pediatric patients, specifically amoxicillin vs amoxicillin-clavulanate.
Importance Previous studies on the comparative effectiveness between buprenorphine and methadone provided limited evidence on differences in treatment effects across key subgroups and were drawn from populations who use primarily heroin or prescription opioids, although fentanyl use is increasing across North…
Importance With the increase in trials assessing comparative effectiveness of approved products and alternative care strategies, guidance is needed to ensure ethical oversight is fit for purpose for the risks, burdens, and constraints on choice this research presents. Observations US regulations governing…
Importance In the US, many patients struggle to afford prescription drugs, leading to adverse health outcomes. To improve cost-related medication nonadherence, prescribers and clinical staff must understand how to assist patients in overcoming high prescription drug costs. Observations We reviewed the benefits…
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