Professionalism

How Should Harm Reduction Strategies Differ for Adolescents and Adults?

Overall rates of opioid use are low in adolescents; however, recent increases in mortality from overdose in adolescents have outpaced increases in the general population. This article highlights the importance of expanding evidence-based treatment for adolescent opioid use, especially medication,…

Ethics Talk: Street Health Care as Harm Reduction

This activity is comprised of five multiple-choice questions based on the content of an AMA Journal of Ethics podcast about how street outreach programs help mitigate harms of drug use among people experiencing homelessness. The featured guest are Dave Lettrich,…

Why MLP Legal Care Should Be Financed as Health Care

Medical-legal partnership (MLP) integrates the unique expertise of lawyers into collaborative clinical environments. MLP teams meet the needs of individual patients while also detecting structural problems at the root of health inequities and advancing solutions at the institutional, community, and…

Ethics Talk: What Do MLPs Offer Undocumented Patients?

This activity is comprised of five multiple-choice questions based on the content of an AMA Journal of Ethics podcast about how medical-legal partnerships can help undocumented patient-clients. The featured guest is Lynette Martins, a legal and bioethics scholar. The target…

With What Should We Replace Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research Protocols?

Historically, most discussions about nonhuman animal experimentation consider what has become known as the 3 R’s: refinement, reduction, and replacement. Refinement and reduction receive the most attention, but recent modeling advances suggest that suitable replacement of nonhuman animal testing would…

How Should Treatment of Animals Beyond the Lab Factor Into Institutional Review?

Discussions of nonhuman research ethics tend to focus on what we owe nonhuman research subjects in laboratory settings only. But humans make critical decisions about these animals outside the lab, too, during breeding, transportation, and end-of-study protocols. This article reviews…

How Should the Three R’s Be Revised and Why?

The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique established what many know today as the “3 R’s –  refinement, reduction, and replacement” when it was published in 1959. Since their formulation, these principles have guided decision-making for many about nonhuman animal subjects’…