Volcanolike Retinal Detachment in High Myopia
This case report describes the grading and effects of myopic traction maculopathy in eyes with high myopia.
Medical Knowledge
Residual Perfluoro-n-Octane Following Surgery for Persistent Fetal Vasculature
An 11-day-old boy was referred for evaluation of right eye leukocoria and was diagnosed with persistent fetal vasculature. Fundus photographs revealed perfluoro-n-octane bubbles in the inferior retina, and optical coherence tomography showed good foveal contour, no macular edema or epiretinal…
Syphilis – A Review
Importance Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum, a gram-negative, spirochete bacterium. Worldwide, an estimated 8 million adults aged 18 to 49 years acquired syphilis in 2022. From 2019 to 2023, US syphilis cases increased by 61% overall, with diagnoses…
Guidelines for Next-Generation Sequencing in Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment – A Consensus Review
Importance Sarcomas comprise a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms that include genomically simple (driven by recurrent genetic alterations) and genomically complex (characterized by extensive genomic rearrangements) subtypes. Regardless, sarcomas exhibit a remarkably low mutational burden. In this context, there is a…
Population-Level Effectiveness and Herd Protection 17 Years After HPV Vaccine Introduction
Importance Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine clinical trials demonstrate high vaccine efficacy, but postlicensure population-level effectiveness data are needed to inform vaccination and cancer-prevention recommendations and policies. Little is known about effectiveness in adolescent girls and young adult women at high risk…
Azelastine Nasal Spray for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infections – A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial
Importance Limited pharmaceutical options exist for preexposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 beyond vaccination. Azelastine, an antihistamine nasal spray used for decades to treat allergic rhinitis, has in vitro antiviral activity against respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of…
Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Importance Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major cause of hospitalization, often occurring in patients with cardiometabolic comorbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although early trials of semaglutide and tirzepatide have shown promising results in improving…
Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infections
This JAMA Insights discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections.
Diffuse Reversible Leukoencephalopathy in Intracranial Aspergillus Infection
This case report describes a patient who presented with a 2-day history of dizziness, unsteady gait, and confusion. In the past month, he had experienced 2 cerebral infarctions and fungal infection in his left armpit.
Higher-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines—Perspective for 2026
This Clinical Insights describes updated pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and their recommended use in adults.
