Importance Machine learning (ML) algorithms have the potential to identify eyes with early diabetic retinopathy (DR) at increased risk for disease progression. Objective To create and validate automated ML models (autoML) for DR progression from ultra-widefield (UWF) retinal images. Design, Setting and…
Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) for supporting clinicians in detecting and grading diseases in dermatology, dentistry, and ophthalmology. Importance AI has been referred to as a facilitator for more precise, personalized, and safer health care, and AI algorithms…
Importance Diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) rates have historically been low among underserved populations due to barriers in accessing traditional eye care. Although artificial intelligence (AI)–powered DRS provides a potential strategy to improve screening rates, its optimal integration into primary care workflows…
Importance Offline automated analysis of retinal images on a smartphone may be a cost-effective and scalable method of screening for diabetic retinopathy; however, to our knowledge, assessment of such an artificial intelligence (AI) system is lacking. Objective To evaluate the performance of…
This case report describes a man in his 30s who presented for evaluation of a 3-week history of irritation, redness, and photophobia in both eyes.
Importance The Planetary Health Diet (PHD) integrates health and environmental sustainability, yet its association with chronic disease outcomes remains underexplored, particularly among women with a history of gestational diabetes (GD), who are at elevated risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and…
Importance Although insulin is widely used for early lipid lowering in hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis, the clinical benefit of heparin combined with insulin remains unclear. Objective To examine whether low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) combined with insulin is superior to insulin alone in improving clinical…
Importance The Planetary Health Diet (PHD), introduced by the EAT-Lancet Commission in 2019, emphasizes a plant-based diet. Several cohorts have assessed adherence using the PHD Index (PHDI), but evidence is limited on whether maternal periconceptional and early pregnancy adherence is associated with…
Importance Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into health care applications; however, their vulnerability to prompt-injection attacks (ie, maliciously crafted inputs that manipulate an LLM’s behavior) capable of altering medical recommendations has not been systematically evaluated. Objective To evaluate the susceptibility…
Importance Postoperative radiotherapy (mainly fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy) is indicated after surgery for early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in the presence of high-risk margins. Postoperative brachytherapy is a treatment option, but it is not…
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