Professionalism

How Old Are You, Actuarily?

Advances in epigenetic age estimation are now applied in actuarial science to make risk assessment more precise. But such health insurance underwriting practices pose ethical and legal questions about discrimination, privacy, and equity in biological data use. Legal adaptations, such…

What Does It Mean for a Patient to “Look Older Than Their Stated Age”?

Documenting one’s assessment of a patient’s physical appearance during a clinical encounter is regarded as a key element in a clinician’s overall judgment of a patient’s health. This article considers ethically and clinically relevant uses and misuses of such appraisals…

What Are the Most Ethically Salient Implications of Epigenetic Age Testing?

This commentary on a case considers how clinicians should help patients interpret results of tests that might be personally meaningful but not clinically actionable. Tests of biological age, for example, can easily lead to patient misunderstandings that can increase risks…

Ethical AI Use in Medicine – A Clinical Practice Toolkit

As augmented intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into clinical practice, physicians must navigate new ethical and operational challenges. AI tools can enhance diagnostic accuracy, streamline workflows, and support personalized care, while also introducing concerns related to reliability, bias, transparency, privacy,…

MSToronto2026

MSToronto2026—the 10th Joint Meeting of the Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS) and the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS)—is designed to address significant clinical and practice gaps in the diagnosis, management,…

Why Should Clinicians Care About Infectious Disease Existential Hazards?

Of all infectious disease events, pandemics could result in significant human depopulation in this Anthropocene epoch or even in the next few centuries. Existential factors that exacerbate pandemic risk include global warming, overpopulation, habitat loss, permafrost thawing, geopolitical conflict, and…

Why and How Should Physicians Mitigate Threats of Nuclear War?

Most physicians do not see, or learn to see, nuclear war threat mitigation as within the scope of their professional duties. This commentary on a case argues there are 2 reasons why physicians, in particular, should draw on their unique…

Why Should Extinction Medicine Be a Specialty?

This commentary on a case builds on recent literature on climate change, health, and human extinction to argue in favor of a new clinical specialty: extinction medicine. If based on precise application of scientific findings about species extinction, disaster prevention…

Medicine, Futures, and the Prevention of Human Extinction

This article draws a parallel between ethical reasons why people alive today have obligations to members of future generations and ethical reasons why physicians have obligations, besides helping improve patients’ quality of life, to help some patients confront their own…