Medical Knowledge

Harmonizing Definitions for Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis – A Systematic Review

Importance  Emerging evidence suggests that progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is a substantial contributor to long-term disability accumulation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). To date, there is no uniform agreed-upon definition of PIRA, limiting the comparability of published studies. Objective  To…

A Case of S1Q3T3A Classic Nonspecific Electrocardiogram Finding

This case report describes a patient in their 40s with a history of end-stage kidney disease secondary to hypertension and diabetes who presented with fatigue, cough, weakness, and dyspnea on exertion and was subsequently diagnosed with acute disseminated cryptococcal infection.

An Older Patient With Chest Pain Diagnostic Traps

This case report describes an older patient with persistent chest pain, recent hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and previous kidney transplantation.

Hidden Fatal ECG Manifestations

This case report presents the electrocardiogram findings of a patient in their 50s with syncope and palpitation and amaurosis followed by loss of consciousness for several minutes without preceding position change, cough, chest pain, or shortness of breath.