Medical Knowledge

Anterior Chamber Snowflake After Keratoplasty

A 62-year-old woman presented with painless vision reduction and eye redness in the right eye for a week. Nine months after keratoplasty, she presented with diffuse tiny nodules all over the iris and a dense opacity in the anterior vitreous…

Sudden ST-Segment Changes in a Critically Ill Patient

A patient in his mid-60s underwent bilateral orthotopic lung transplant and is later hospitalized for sepsis from pneumonia complicated by acute transplant rejection, without any cardiac symptoms. He develops severe acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring intubation and paralysis. Electrocardiography shows…

A Painless Right Anterior Neck Mass

A 58-year-old woman presents with a several-week history of a painless right-sided swelling on her anterior neck. What is your diagnosis?

A 52-Year-Old With Painful Fingertips

A patient had cold, cyanotic fingertips with small ulcerations. Laboratory testing showed leukocytosis, eosinophilia, and elevated D-dimer level; results of tests for antinuclear antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies against proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase, and HIV were negative. What is…

Fourth-Generation HIV Testing

A 72-year-old man presented to the emergency department with fevers, night sweats, and rash 3 days after condomless vaginal intercourse. Results of a fourth-generation HIV test were positive and HIV-1-/2 antibody differentiation testing was negative. How would you interpret these…

Mitigating the Burden of Medication Costs

This essay discusses medication cost-lowering strategies that clinicians can use in routine clinical and inpatient care to assist patients in affording and adhering to expensive therapy regimens.