This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2023 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases practice guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Importance The use of real-world data (RWD) external control arms in prospective studies is increasing. The advantages, including the immediate availability of a control population, must be balanced with the requirements of meeting evidentiary standards. Objective To address the question of whether…
Historically, most discussions about nonhuman animal experimentation consider what has become known as the 3 R’s: refinement, reduction, and replacement. Refinement and reduction receive the most attention, but recent modeling advances suggest that suitable replacement of nonhuman animal testing would…
This article reviews the design of a recently published randomized controlled trial (RCT) on immediate vs delayed access to gender-affirming hormones for transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people and outlines key learning points that clinicians should know about how RCTs can…
Discussions of nonhuman research ethics tend to focus on what we owe nonhuman research subjects in laboratory settings only. But humans make critical decisions about these animals outside the lab, too, during breeding, transportation, and end-of-study protocols. This article reviews…
The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique established what many know today as the “3 R’s – refinement, reduction, and replacement” when it was published in 1959. Since their formulation, these principles have guided decision-making for many about nonhuman animal subjects’…
If we assume that nonhuman animals experience pain or distress, then ethically justifying human-centered research with only nonhuman animals as subjects likely requires that the research’s benefits to humans must, at least, outweigh harms suffered by the nonhuman animals. Yet…
This case report describes a case of opioid-induced myoclonus.
This case report describes a diagnosis of left ventricular anterior free-wall rupture in a patient given anticoagulant treatment for subacute myocardial infarction.
This JAMA Insights investigates the increased rates of climate change’s related preventable injury and the importance of emergency and disaster preparedness as well as injury and violence prevention.
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